Your math is right, Jeff. smile

With T1s (and PRIs), those eight extra bits are often referred to as "overhead" bits, and are used to perform network management functions such as CRC error checking, etc.

Overhead bits and signaling are two completely different things.

On standard T1s, the signaling is handled WITHIN each of the twenty-four 64K channels (also referred to as "CAS"/pronounced "Kass" for "Channel Associated Signaling"). With PRI, the signaling for all twenty-three "bearer" (or "B") channels is handled by the PRI's individual "D" channel, which handles both signaling and control. This "D-channel signaling" used by PRIs is also referred to as "FAS" or "Facility Associated Signaling".

So T1s use "CAS" signaling, PRIs use "FAS" signaling, and they both use overhead bits for error checking.

Don't forget that the terminology varies depending on where you find yourself..

It sounds like a cool class. :thumb: